Which of the following is NOT a method in the Controlling Phase?

• A. Visual
• B. Radio advisory to pilot
• C. Electronic
• D. Verbal

Answer: (B)

Controlling Phase relies on signals the ground controllers use to guide aircraft into the landing zone without relying on radio to convey the core directing signals. Visual signals are the primary method—hand signals, wands, or other visible indicators that the pilot can see in the approach. Verbal signals are direct spoken commands from the controller to the aircrew, delivered clearly on the appropriate, standardized channel. Electronic signals involve using electronic means to relay the necessary instructions or status, still staying within the signaling framework observed on the ground. A radio advisory to the pilot, while a valid form of communication, isn’t part of these signaling methods used during the Controlling Phase, because it relies on radio communication rather than the visible or directly signaled cues that guide the aircraft at close range.